GIS - objective questions

• A map is a/an MODEL/ABSTRACTION of the real world
• A map legend links ATTRIBUTES to geographic information
• SPATIAL DATA is always graphical
• Attributes are also called ASPATIAL data or NON-SPATIAL data
• EASTINGS refer to X-coordinate
• NORTHINGS refer to Y-coordinate
• POINT is a single location in space
• Areas are described by A CLOSED STRING OF SPATIAL COORDINATES
• The manner in which ENTITIES or geographical features are represented on a map is DEPENDENT ON SCALE
• LABELS distinguish geographic features of the same type
• Every feature on the Earth is represented on a map using a SYMBOL
• A small scale map covers a LARGE area
• A DATABASE is a repository capable of storing large amounts of data
• CARTOGRAPHY is the art and science of making maps
• As scale decreases, size of the features may decrease causing:
• DISAPPEARANCE OF FEATURES
• REPRESENTATION OF FEATURES MAY CHANGE 
• FEATURES MAY CHANGE SHAPE 
• SOME FEATURES MAY APPEAR
• AZIMUTHAL projections are also called planar projections
• Scale factor is a ratio of ACTUAL SCALE to PRINCIPAL SCALE
• All geographic features are in TWO tangible forms
• In any projection, the parallel on the development surface that maintains true scale is called STANDARD PARALLEL
• CONFORMAL projections are used for NAVIGATION purposes requiring accurate directions
• Conformal projections are also called ORTHOMORPHIC projections
• DATUM is a set of reference values that serve as a reference for mapping
• GIS is primarily a DECISION SUPPORT SOFTWARE within a SPATIAL framework
• A topographic map is a COMPOSITE of different kinds of maps
• In a projection, distortion is least when the map shows SMALL areas and maximum when the map shows LARGE areas
• Representative fraction for reference globe is called PRINCIPAL SCALE
• Principal scale is the ratio of RADIUS OF EARTH to RADIUS OF GLOBE
• Scale factor is the ratio of ACTUAL SCALE to PRINCIPAL SCALE
• The two tangible forms in which all geographic features exist are DISCRETE and CONTINUOUS
• Different kinds of information that are stored in various ways is called a THEME
• Difference in elevation of an area between tops of hills and bottoms of valleys is known as RELIEF of the terrain
• A point of known elevation and position is indicated on a map by the letters B.M. meaning BENCH MARK with altitude given to the nearest foot
• CONTOURS represent the third dimension on a map
• The difference in elevation represented by adjacent contour lines is termed as CONTOUR INTERVAL
• The art and science of map making is called CARTOGRAPHY
• Lines of latitude are called PARALLELS and lines of longitude are called MERIDIANS
• A cylindrical projection yields a RECTANGULAR graticule whereas a conic projection yields a FAN shaped graticule
• CONIC projections are suited to map areas having EAST-WEST extents
• TRANSVERSE MERCATOR projection is suited to map areas with NORTH-SOUTH extents
• The three important components of GIS are:
• COMPUTER HARDWARE
• SOFTWARE APPLICATION MODULES and
• ORGANIZATION
• Three popular GIS software application packages along with their vendors are:
• MGE/MGA system           -           INTERGRAPH CORPORATION
• ARC/INFO                        -           ESRI
• SPANS                              -            TYDAC
• GIS uses a database approach because of:
• CONVENIENCE
• REDUCED DATA REDUNDANCY
• STANDARDIZATION &
• SHAREABILITY
• Output from a GIS is normally:
• MAP
• TABULAR DATA or
• REPORTS
• POINT is the basic building block from which all spatial entities are constructed
• A closed ring of coordinate pairs defines the boundary of a POLYGON/AREA
• TOPOLOGY is concerned with connectivity between entities
• The three elements of topology are:
• ADJACENCY
• CONTAINMENT and
• CONNECTIVITY
• The four prominent applications of remote sensing and GIS in agriculture are:
• CROP HEALTH
• PRECISION AGRICULTURE
• COMPLIANCE MAPPING &
• YIELD ESTIMATION